Communication is a fundamental human right. For some children, speech alone is not sufficient to meet their communication needs. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) provides additional ways for children to express themselves, connect with others, and participate fully in everyday life.
What is AAC?
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) refers to systems and tools that support or replace spoken language.
- Augmentative means adding to speech.
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Alternative means providing another way to communicate when speech is not functional or reliable.
AAC can be used temporarily (for example, during developmental delays) or long term. It does not replace speech, it supports communication in whatever form works best for the child.
AAC may help children:
- Express wants and needs
- Share thoughts and feelings
- Participate in learning
- Build relationships
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Reduce frustration and behaviour linked to communication breakdown
What Does the Research Say?
AAC is strongly supported by evidence-based research.
AAC does not stop speech development
One of the most common myths is that AAC prevents children from learning to talk. Research consistently shows the opposite. Studies indicate that AAC:
- Does not inhibit speech development
- Often supports and increases spoken language
- Improves overall communication outcomes
Improved communication and behaviour
Research has shown that AAC:
- Increases functional communication skills
- Reduces challenging behaviours linked to communication frustration
- Improves social participation
- Enhances academic engagement
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, cerebral palsy, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and complex communication needs all benefit from appropriately matched AAC systems. Early introduction of AAC is associated with better long-term communication outcomes. There is no requirement to “wait and see” if speech develops before introducing AAC.
Different Types of AAC Systems
AAC systems range from low-tech to high-tech. The most appropriate system depends on the child’s communication profile, motor skills, cognitive abilities, and environment.
1. Unaided AAC
These systems do not require external tools.
- Key Word Sign
- Gestures
- Facial expressions
- Body language
Unaided AAC can be very effective, particularly when communication partners are trained.
2. Low-Tech AAC
These systems do not require batteries or electronics.
- Communication boards
- Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
- Visual schedules
- Core word boards
- Communication books
Low-tech systems are portable, durable, and often used alongside high-tech devices.
3. High-Tech AAC (Speech Generating Devices)
These systems use technology to produce speech output.
- iPads with communication apps
- Dedicated speech-generating devices
- Eye gaze systems
- Dynamic display devices with symbol-based communication
High-tech AAC allows children to generate spoken output by selecting symbols, words, or phrases. Many systems are customised to reflect the child’s interests, vocabulary level, and communication goals.
Who Might Benefit from AAC?
AAC can support children who:
- Are minimally verbal or non-verbal
- Have unclear or unreliable speech
- Experience motor speech disorders (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech)
- Have developmental delays
- Have Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Have cerebral palsy or other physical disabilities
- Experience communication breakdowns leading to frustration
AAC is not limited by age. Even very young children can benefit from early AAC intervention.
Who Supports Accessing AAC?
Accessing AAC is a team process.
Speech Pathologist
A speech pathologist (speechy) plays a central role in:
- Assessing communication strengths and needs
- Recommending appropriate AAC systems
- Conducting AAC trials
- Programming and customising devices
- Training families, educators, and support staff
- Monitoring progress and adjusting systems
AAC assessment is individualised and considers language development, motor access, sensory profile, and learning style.
Occupational Therapist
An OT may assist with:
- Positioning and seating
- Access methods (e.g., switches, eye gaze, mounting systems)
- Fine motor considerations
Educators and Support Staff
Teachers and learning support staff:
- Implement AAC within the classroom
- Model communication
- Embed AAC into learning routines
Families
Parents and carers are essential communication partners. AAC works best when it is used consistently across home, school, and community environments.
Key Principles for Successful AAC Use
Evidence highlights several important principles:
- Aided Language Stimulation: Adults model the use of the AAC system while speaking. This helps children learn how to use the system naturally and meaningfully.
- Consistent Access: The AAC system should be available throughout the day, not just during therapy.
- Focus on Core Vocabulary: Core words (e.g., go, stop, want, more, help) make up the majority of everyday communication and allow children to build flexible language.
- Communication is the Goal: The aim is meaningful interaction, not just requesting. AAC supports commenting, asking questions, joking, storytelling, and social connection.
Funding and Access
AAC devices may be funded through:
- NDIS plans (for eligible participants)
- School-based supports
- Private purchase
A formal AAC assessment report is often required for funding applications.
Addressing Common Concerns
“Should we wait to see if speech develops?”
No. Research supports early introduction. AAC can coexist with speech therapy.
“Will my child become dependent on the device?”
Children become dependent on being understood. AAC increases independence.
“Is my child too young?”
There is no minimum age for AAC. Early access supports brain development and communication growth.
Our Approach
At The Daisy Clinic, we take a collaborative and evidence-informed approach to AAC. We:
- Conduct comprehensive communication assessments
- Trial appropriate AAC systems
- Provide family and school training
- Support funding applications
- Work within a multidisciplinary team
Our goal is to ensure every child has a reliable way to communicate, because every child deserves a voice.
If you would like to explore whether AAC may support your child, our speech pathology team is here to help.
